

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" data-default-color-scheme=auto>



<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/img/fluid.png">
  <link rel="icon" href="/img/fluid.png">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=5.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
  <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
  
  <meta name="theme-color" content="#2f4154">
  <meta name="author" content="xzk">
  <meta name="keywords" content="">
  
    <meta name="description" content="常用数据结构及Python实现数据结构是计算机科学中组织和存储数据的方式，合理选择和使用数据结构对于解决各种编程问题至关重要。本文将介绍一些常用的数据结构及其在Python中的实现，包括列表（数组）、栈、队列、链表、二叉树等。 一、列表（数组）（一）概念列表是一种有序的集合，可以存储多个元素，元素可以是不同的数据类型。在Python中，列表是内置的数据类型，使用方括号[]表示。 （二）基本操作 创">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="常用数据结构">
<meta property="og:url" content="http://example.com/2024/04/23/shujujpgiegou/index.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="哈基小米德">
<meta property="og:description" content="常用数据结构及Python实现数据结构是计算机科学中组织和存储数据的方式，合理选择和使用数据结构对于解决各种编程问题至关重要。本文将介绍一些常用的数据结构及其在Python中的实现，包括列表（数组）、栈、队列、链表、二叉树等。 一、列表（数组）（一）概念列表是一种有序的集合，可以存储多个元素，元素可以是不同的数据类型。在Python中，列表是内置的数据类型，使用方括号[]表示。 （二）基本操作 创">
<meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-04-23T04:47:56.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-26T05:02:58.274Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="xzk">
<meta property="article:tag" content="数据结构">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
  
  
  
  <title>常用数据结构 - 哈基小米德</title>

  <link  rel="stylesheet" href="https://lib.baomitu.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.6.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" />



  <link  rel="stylesheet" href="https://lib.baomitu.com/github-markdown-css/4.0.0/github-markdown.min.css" />

  <link  rel="stylesheet" href="https://lib.baomitu.com/hint.css/2.7.0/hint.min.css" />

  <link  rel="stylesheet" href="https://lib.baomitu.com/fancybox/3.5.7/jquery.fancybox.min.css" />



<!-- 主题依赖的图标库，不要自行修改 -->
<!-- Do not modify the link that theme dependent icons -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="//at.alicdn.com/t/font_1749284_hj8rtnfg7um.css">



<link rel="stylesheet" href="//at.alicdn.com/t/font_1736178_lbnruvf0jn.css">


<link  rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" />


  <link id="highlight-css" rel="stylesheet" href="/css/highlight.css" />
  
    <link id="highlight-css-dark" rel="stylesheet" href="/css/highlight-dark.css" />
  




  <script id="fluid-configs">
    var Fluid = window.Fluid || {};
    Fluid.ctx = Object.assign({}, Fluid.ctx)
    var CONFIG = {"hostname":"example.com","root":"/","version":"1.9.7","typing":{"enable":true,"typeSpeed":70,"cursorChar":"_","loop":false,"scope":[]},"anchorjs":{"enable":true,"element":"h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6","placement":"left","visible":"hover","icon":""},"progressbar":{"enable":true,"height_px":3,"color":"#29d","options":{"showSpinner":false,"trickleSpeed":100}},"code_language":{"enable":true,"default":"TEXT"},"copy_btn":true,"image_caption":{"enable":true},"image_zoom":{"enable":true,"img_url_replace":["",""]},"toc":{"enable":true,"placement":"right","headingSelector":"h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6","collapseDepth":0},"lazyload":{"enable":true,"loading_img":"/img/loading.gif","onlypost":false,"offset_factor":2},"web_analytics":{"enable":false,"follow_dnt":true,"baidu":null,"google":{"measurement_id":null},"tencent":{"sid":null,"cid":null},"woyaola":null,"cnzz":null,"leancloud":{"app_id":null,"app_key":null,"server_url":null,"path":"window.location.pathname","ignore_local":false}},"search_path":"/local-search.xml","include_content_in_search":true};

    if (CONFIG.web_analytics.follow_dnt) {
      var dntVal = navigator.doNotTrack || window.doNotTrack || navigator.msDoNotTrack;
      Fluid.ctx.dnt = dntVal && (dntVal.startsWith('1') || dntVal.startsWith('yes') || dntVal.startsWith('on'));
    }
  </script>
  <script  src="/js/utils.js" ></script>
  <script  src="/js/color-schema.js" ></script>
  


  
<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 7.3.0"></head>


<body>
  

  <header>
    

<div class="header-inner" style="height: 70vh;">
  <nav id="navbar" class="navbar fixed-top  navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark scrolling-navbar">
  <div class="container">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">
      <strong>哈基小米德</strong>
    </a>

    <button id="navbar-toggler-btn" class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse"
            data-target="#navbarSupportedContent"
            aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
      <div class="animated-icon"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div>
    </button>

    <!-- Collapsible content -->
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
      <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto text-center">
        
          
          
          
          
            <li class="nav-item">
              <a class="nav-link" href="/" target="_self">
                <i class="iconfont icon-home-fill"></i>
                <span>首页</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          
        
          
          
          
          
            <li class="nav-item">
              <a class="nav-link" href="/archives/" target="_self">
                <i class="iconfont icon-archive-fill"></i>
                <span>归档</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          
        
          
          
          
          
            <li class="nav-item">
              <a class="nav-link" href="/categories/" target="_self">
                <i class="iconfont icon-category-fill"></i>
                <span>分类</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          
        
          
          
          
          
            <li class="nav-item">
              <a class="nav-link" href="/tags/" target="_self">
                <i class="iconfont icon-tags-fill"></i>
                <span>标签</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          
        
          
          
          
          
            <li class="nav-item">
              <a class="nav-link" href="/about/" target="_self">
                <i class="iconfont icon-user-fill"></i>
                <span>关于</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          
        
        
          <li class="nav-item" id="search-btn">
            <a class="nav-link" target="_self" href="javascript:;" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modalSearch" aria-label="Search">
              <i class="iconfont icon-search"></i>
            </a>
          </li>
          
        
        
          <li class="nav-item" id="color-toggle-btn">
            <a class="nav-link" target="_self" href="javascript:;" aria-label="Color Toggle">
              <i class="iconfont icon-dark" id="color-toggle-icon"></i>
            </a>
          </li>
        
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
</nav>

  

<div id="banner" class="banner" parallax=true
     style="background: url('/img/default.png') no-repeat center center; background-size: cover;">
  <div class="full-bg-img">
    <div class="mask flex-center" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)">
      <div class="banner-text text-center fade-in-up">
        <div class="h2">
          
            <span id="subtitle" data-typed-text="常用数据结构"></span>
          
        </div>

        
          
  <div class="mt-3">
    
    
      <span class="post-meta">
        <i class="iconfont icon-date-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i>
        <time datetime="2024-04-23 12:47" pubdate>
          2024年4月23日 下午
        </time>
      </span>
    
  </div>

  <div class="mt-1">
    
      <span class="post-meta mr-2">
        <i class="iconfont icon-chart"></i>
        
          1k 字
        
      </span>
    

    
      <span class="post-meta mr-2">
        <i class="iconfont icon-clock-fill"></i>
        
        
        
          9 分钟
        
      </span>
    

    
    
  </div>


        
      </div>

      
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

</div>

  </header>

  <main>
    
      

<div class="container-fluid nopadding-x">
  <div class="row nomargin-x">
    <div class="side-col d-none d-lg-block col-lg-2">
      

    </div>

    <div class="col-lg-8 nopadding-x-md">
      <div class="container nopadding-x-md" id="board-ctn">
        <div id="board">
          <article class="post-content mx-auto">
            <h1 id="seo-header">常用数据结构</h1>
            
            
              <div class="markdown-body">
                
                <h1 id="常用数据结构及Python实现"><a href="#常用数据结构及Python实现" class="headerlink" title="常用数据结构及Python实现"></a>常用数据结构及Python实现</h1><p>数据结构是计算机科学中组织和存储数据的方式，合理选择和使用数据结构对于解决各种编程问题至关重要。本文将介绍一些常用的数据结构及其在Python中的实现，包括列表（数组）、栈、队列、链表、二叉树等。</p>
<h2 id="一、列表（数组）"><a href="#一、列表（数组）" class="headerlink" title="一、列表（数组）"></a>一、列表（数组）</h2><h3 id="（一）概念"><a href="#（一）概念" class="headerlink" title="（一）概念"></a>（一）概念</h3><p>列表是一种有序的集合，可以存储多个元素，元素可以是不同的数据类型。在Python中，列表是内置的数据类型，使用方括号<code>[]</code>表示。</p>
<h3 id="（二）基本操作"><a href="#（二）基本操作" class="headerlink" title="（二）基本操作"></a>（二）基本操作</h3><ol>
<li><strong>创建列表</strong><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">my_list = [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>]<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><strong>访问元素</strong><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(my_list[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：1</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><strong>修改元素</strong><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">my_list[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>] = <span class="hljs-number">4</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(my_list)  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[1, 2, 4, &#x27;a&#x27;, &#x27;b&#x27;]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><strong>添加元素</strong><ul>
<li>在末尾添加：<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">my_list.append(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;c&#x27;</span>)<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(my_list)  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[1, 2, 4, &#x27;a&#x27;, &#x27;b&#x27;, &#x27;c&#x27;]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>在指定位置插入：<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">my_list.insert(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;new&#x27;</span>)<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(my_list)  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[1, &#x27;new&#x27;, 2, 4, &#x27;a&#x27;, &#x27;b&#x27;, &#x27;c&#x27;]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>删除元素</strong><ul>
<li>根据值删除：<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">my_list.remove(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>)<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(my_list)  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[1, &#x27;new&#x27;, 2, 4, &#x27;b&#x27;, &#x27;c&#x27;]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>根据索引删除：<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">del</span> my_list[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(my_list)  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[&#x27;new&#x27;, 2, 4, &#x27;b&#x27;, &#x27;c&#x27;]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="二、栈"><a href="#二、栈" class="headerlink" title="二、栈"></a>二、栈</h2><h3 id="（一）概念-1"><a href="#（一）概念-1" class="headerlink" title="（一）概念"></a>（一）概念</h3><p>栈是一种后进先出（LIFO）的数据结构，类似于一摞盘子，最后放入的盘子最先被取出。</p>
<h3 id="（二）Python实现"><a href="#（二）Python实现" class="headerlink" title="（二）Python实现"></a>（二）Python实现</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Stack</span>:<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__init__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items = []<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">is_empty</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items) == <span class="hljs-number">0</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">push</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, item</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items.append(item)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">pop</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.is_empty():<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items.pop()<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">raise</span> IndexError(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span>)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">peek</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.is_empty():<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items[-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">raise</span> IndexError(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span>)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">size</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items)<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="（三）使用示例"><a href="#（三）使用示例" class="headerlink" title="（三）使用示例"></a>（三）使用示例</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">stack = Stack()<br>stack.push(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)<br>stack.push(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(stack.pop())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：2</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(stack.peek())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：1</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(stack.is_empty())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：False</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(stack.size())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：1</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="三、队列"><a href="#三、队列" class="headerlink" title="三、队列"></a>三、队列</h2><h3 id="（一）概念-2"><a href="#（一）概念-2" class="headerlink" title="（一）概念"></a>（一）概念</h3><p>队列是一种先进先出（FIFO）的数据结构，就像排队一样，先进入队列的元素先被处理。</p>
<h3 id="（二）Python实现-1"><a href="#（二）Python实现-1" class="headerlink" title="（二）Python实现"></a>（二）Python实现</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Queue</span>:<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__init__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items = []<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">is_empty</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items) == <span class="hljs-number">0</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">enqueue</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, item</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items.append(item)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">dequeue</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.is_empty():<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items.pop(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">raise</span> IndexError(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Queue is empty&quot;</span>)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">size</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.items)<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="（三）使用示例-1"><a href="#（三）使用示例-1" class="headerlink" title="（三）使用示例"></a>（三）使用示例</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">queue = Queue()<br>queue.enqueue(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)<br>queue.enqueue(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(queue.dequeue())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：1</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(queue.size())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：1</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="四、链表"><a href="#四、链表" class="headerlink" title="四、链表"></a>四、链表</h2><h3 id="（一）概念-3"><a href="#（一）概念-3" class="headerlink" title="（一）概念"></a>（一）概念</h3><p>链表是由一系列节点组成的数据结构，每个节点包含数据和指向下一个节点的指针。链表可以动态地分配内存，适用于插入和删除操作频繁的场景。</p>
<h3 id="（二）Python实现节点类"><a href="#（二）Python实现节点类" class="headerlink" title="（二）Python实现节点类"></a>（二）Python实现节点类</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Node</span>:<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__init__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, data=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span></span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.data = data<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="（三）Python实现链表类"><a href="#（三）Python实现链表类" class="headerlink" title="（三）Python实现链表类"></a>（三）Python实现链表类</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">LinkedList</span>:<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__init__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">is_empty</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">append</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, data</span>):<br>        new_node = Node(data)<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.is_empty():<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head = new_node<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>            current = <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span>:<br>                current = current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span><br>            current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span> = new_node<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">prepend</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, data</span>):<br>        new_node = Node(data)<br>        new_node.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span> = <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head = new_node<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">delete</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, data</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.is_empty():<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span><br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head.data == data:<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head = <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span><br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span><br>        current = <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span>.data!= data:<br>            current = current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span><br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span>:<br>            current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span> = current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">display</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        elements = []<br>        current = <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.head<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> current:<br>            elements.append(current.data)<br>            current = current.<span class="hljs-built_in">next</span><br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(elements)<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="（四）使用示例"><a href="#（四）使用示例" class="headerlink" title="（四）使用示例"></a>（四）使用示例</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">linked_list = LinkedList()<br>linked_list.append(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)<br>linked_list.append(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<br>linked_list.prepend(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)<br>linked_list.display()  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[0, 1, 2]</span><br>linked_list.delete(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)<br>linked_list.display()  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[0, 2]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="五、二叉树"><a href="#五、二叉树" class="headerlink" title="五、二叉树"></a>五、二叉树</h2><h3 id="（一）概念-4"><a href="#（一）概念-4" class="headerlink" title="（一）概念"></a>（一）概念</h3><p>二叉树是每个节点最多有两个子树的树结构，通常子树被称为左子树和右子树。二叉树在搜索、排序等算法中有广泛应用。</p>
<h3 id="（二）Python实现节点类-1"><a href="#（二）Python实现节点类-1" class="headerlink" title="（二）Python实现节点类"></a>（二）Python实现节点类</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">TreeNode</span>:<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__init__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, value</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.value = value<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.left = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.right = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="（三）Python实现二叉树类（简单的插入和遍历操作）"><a href="#（三）Python实现二叉树类（简单的插入和遍历操作）" class="headerlink" title="（三）Python实现二叉树类（简单的插入和遍历操作）"></a>（三）Python实现二叉树类（简单的插入和遍历操作）</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BinaryTree</span>:<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__init__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.root = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">insert</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, value</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.root <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>:<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.root = TreeNode(value)<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>._insert_recursive(<span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.root, value)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">_insert_recursive</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, current_node, value</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> value &lt; current_node.value:<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> current_node.left <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>:<br>                current_node.left = TreeNode(value)<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>                <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>._insert_recursive(current_node.left, value)<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> value &gt; current_node.value:<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> current_node.right <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>:<br>                current_node.right = TreeNode(value)<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:<br>                <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>._insert_recursive(current_node.right, value)<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">inorder_traversal</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):<br>        result = []<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>._inorder_traversal_recursive(<span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>.root, result)<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> result<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">_inorder_traversal_recursive</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, current_node, result</span>):<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> current_node:<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>._inorder_traversal_recursive(current_node.left, result)<br>            result.append(current_node.value)<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">self</span>._inorder_traversal_recursive(current_node.right, result)<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="（四）使用示例-1"><a href="#（四）使用示例-1" class="headerlink" title="（四）使用示例"></a>（四）使用示例</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">binary_tree = BinaryTree()<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">7</span>)<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">4</span>)<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)<br>binary_tree.insert(<span class="hljs-number">8</span>)<br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(binary_tree.inorder_traversal())  <span class="hljs-comment"># 输出：[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>以上只是常见数据结构的简单实现，实际应用中可能需要更复杂和优化的版本。数据结构的选择取决于具体的问题需求，合理运用它们可以提高程序的效率和性能。</p>

                
              </div>
            
            <hr/>
            <div>
              <div class="post-metas my-3">
  
  
    <div class="post-meta">
      <i class="iconfont icon-tags"></i>
      
        <a href="/tags/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/" class="print-no-link">#数据结构</a>
      
    </div>
  
</div>


              
  

  <div class="license-box my-3">
    <div class="license-title">
      <div>常用数据结构</div>
      <div>http://example.com/2024/04/23/shujujpgiegou/</div>
    </div>
    <div class="license-meta">
      
        <div class="license-meta-item">
          <div>作者</div>
          <div>xzk</div>
        </div>
      
      
        <div class="license-meta-item license-meta-date">
          <div>发布于</div>
          <div>2024年4月23日</div>
        </div>
      
      
      
        <div class="license-meta-item">
          <div>许可协议</div>
          <div>
            
              
              
                <a class="print-no-link" target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                  <span class="hint--top hint--rounded" aria-label="BY - 署名">
                    <i class="iconfont icon-by"></i>
                  </span>
                </a>
              
            
          </div>
        </div>
      
    </div>
    <div class="license-icon iconfont"></div>
  </div>



              
                <div class="post-prevnext my-3">
                  <article class="post-prev col-6">
                    
                    
                      <a href="/2024/10/25/django-crontab/" title="Django项目使用定时任务">
                        <i class="iconfont icon-arrowleft"></i>
                        <span class="hidden-mobile">Django项目使用定时任务</span>
                        <span class="visible-mobile">上一篇</span>
                      </a>
                    
                  </article>
                  <article class="post-next col-6">
                    
                    
                      <a href="/2023/10/25/vue2-base/" title="Vue基础语法">
                        <span class="hidden-mobile">Vue基础语法</span>
                        <span class="visible-mobile">下一篇</span>
                        <i class="iconfont icon-arrowright"></i>
                      </a>
                    
                  </article>
                </div>
              
            </div>

            
          </article>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="side-col d-none d-lg-block col-lg-2">
      
  <aside class="sidebar" style="margin-left: -1rem">
    <div id="toc">
  <p class="toc-header">
    <i class="iconfont icon-list"></i>
    <span>目录</span>
  </p>
  <div class="toc-body" id="toc-body"></div>
</div>



  </aside>


    </div>
  </div>
</div>





  



  



  



  



  







    

    
      <a id="scroll-top-button" aria-label="TOP" href="#" role="button">
        <i class="iconfont icon-arrowup" aria-hidden="true"></i>
      </a>
    

    
      <div class="modal fade" id="modalSearch" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="ModalLabel"
     aria-hidden="true">
  <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-scrollable modal-lg" role="document">
    <div class="modal-content">
      <div class="modal-header text-center">
        <h4 class="modal-title w-100 font-weight-bold">搜索</h4>
        <button type="button" id="local-search-close" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
          <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
        </button>
      </div>
      <div class="modal-body mx-3">
        <div class="md-form mb-5">
          <input type="text" id="local-search-input" class="form-control validate">
          <label data-error="x" data-success="v" for="local-search-input">关键词</label>
        </div>
        <div class="list-group" id="local-search-result"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

    

    
  </main>

  <footer>
    <div class="footer-inner">
  
    <div class="footer-content">
       <a href="https://hexo.io" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span>Hexo</span></a> <i class="iconfont icon-love"></i> <a href="https://github.com/fluid-dev/hexo-theme-fluid" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span>Fluid</span></a> 
    </div>
  
  
  
  
</div>

  </footer>

  <!-- Scripts -->
  
  <script  src="https://lib.baomitu.com/nprogress/0.2.0/nprogress.min.js" ></script>
  <link  rel="stylesheet" href="https://lib.baomitu.com/nprogress/0.2.0/nprogress.min.css" />

  <script>
    NProgress.configure({"showSpinner":false,"trickleSpeed":100})
    NProgress.start()
    window.addEventListener('load', function() {
      NProgress.done();
    })
  </script>


<script  src="https://lib.baomitu.com/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.min.js" ></script>
<script  src="https://lib.baomitu.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.6.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" ></script>
<script  src="/js/events.js" ></script>
<script  src="/js/plugins.js" ></script>


  <script  src="https://lib.baomitu.com/typed.js/2.0.12/typed.min.js" ></script>
  <script>
    (function (window, document) {
      var typing = Fluid.plugins.typing;
      var subtitle = document.getElementById('subtitle');
      if (!subtitle || !typing) {
        return;
      }
      var text = subtitle.getAttribute('data-typed-text');
      
        typing(text);
      
    })(window, document);
  </script>




  
    <script  src="/js/img-lazyload.js" ></script>
  




  
<script>
  Fluid.utils.createScript('https://lib.baomitu.com/tocbot/4.20.1/tocbot.min.js', function() {
    var toc = jQuery('#toc');
    if (toc.length === 0 || !window.tocbot) { return; }
    var boardCtn = jQuery('#board-ctn');
    var boardTop = boardCtn.offset().top;

    window.tocbot.init(Object.assign({
      tocSelector     : '#toc-body',
      contentSelector : '.markdown-body',
      linkClass       : 'tocbot-link',
      activeLinkClass : 'tocbot-active-link',
      listClass       : 'tocbot-list',
      isCollapsedClass: 'tocbot-is-collapsed',
      collapsibleClass: 'tocbot-is-collapsible',
      scrollSmooth    : true,
      includeTitleTags: true,
      headingsOffset  : -boardTop,
    }, CONFIG.toc));
    if (toc.find('.toc-list-item').length > 0) {
      toc.css('visibility', 'visible');
    }

    Fluid.events.registerRefreshCallback(function() {
      if ('tocbot' in window) {
        tocbot.refresh();
        var toc = jQuery('#toc');
        if (toc.length === 0 || !tocbot) {
          return;
        }
        if (toc.find('.toc-list-item').length > 0) {
          toc.css('visibility', 'visible');
        }
      }
    });
  });
</script>


  <script src=https://lib.baomitu.com/clipboard.js/2.0.11/clipboard.min.js></script>

  <script>Fluid.plugins.codeWidget();</script>


  
<script>
  Fluid.utils.createScript('https://lib.baomitu.com/anchor-js/4.3.1/anchor.min.js', function() {
    window.anchors.options = {
      placement: CONFIG.anchorjs.placement,
      visible  : CONFIG.anchorjs.visible
    };
    if (CONFIG.anchorjs.icon) {
      window.anchors.options.icon = CONFIG.anchorjs.icon;
    }
    var el = (CONFIG.anchorjs.element || 'h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6').split(',');
    var res = [];
    for (var item of el) {
      res.push('.markdown-body > ' + item.trim());
    }
    if (CONFIG.anchorjs.placement === 'left') {
      window.anchors.options.class = 'anchorjs-link-left';
    }
    window.anchors.add(res.join(', '));

    Fluid.events.registerRefreshCallback(function() {
      if ('anchors' in window) {
        anchors.removeAll();
        var el = (CONFIG.anchorjs.element || 'h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6').split(',');
        var res = [];
        for (var item of el) {
          res.push('.markdown-body > ' + item.trim());
        }
        if (CONFIG.anchorjs.placement === 'left') {
          anchors.options.class = 'anchorjs-link-left';
        }
        anchors.add(res.join(', '));
      }
    });
  });
</script>


  
<script>
  Fluid.utils.createScript('https://lib.baomitu.com/fancybox/3.5.7/jquery.fancybox.min.js', function() {
    Fluid.plugins.fancyBox();
  });
</script>


  <script>Fluid.plugins.imageCaption();</script>

  <script  src="/js/local-search.js" ></script>





<!-- 主题的启动项，将它保持在最底部 -->
<!-- the boot of the theme, keep it at the bottom -->
<script  src="/js/boot.js" ></script>


  

  <noscript>
    <div class="noscript-warning">博客在允许 JavaScript 运行的环境下浏览效果更佳</div>
  </noscript>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/love.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

